In Depth: Upscaling Video (Updated 15 Dec 2022)

Why would you want to upscale your footage?

There are two common reasons to upscale:

• You work with old video footage that’s in the standard format
• You don’t have a camera that can shoot 4K and want your video to be 4K (or other sizes)

Video Resolution

When I started my career in video post-production, “standard definition” was, in fact, the standard. Now there are so many resolutions. I originally wrote this article about 7 years ago, when a cinematographer friend of mine asked me to upscale footage for his reel from the 1990s to HD. In that article, I focusing upscaling 720×480 (480i) into 1920×1080 (1080p) footage.

For one thing, video standards have changed in just a few short years. 4K Ultra High Definition (4K UHD) is now a standard feature in over 60% of the televisions sold in North America. That number is increasing rapidly over the last few months as people can’t go out for entertainment during the pandemic. For example, if you’re watching an old standard-definition television show on a 4K UHD screen, it will look a bit stretched and blurry.

But, upscaling is not just for old footage. Some people are shooting at 1080p and upscaling their renders to 4K for YouTube. Why would they do that?

• They may not have a camera that is capable of shooting 4K.
• Editing 4K footage can be slow.
• 4K footage takes up a ton of space on your drives!

Luckily, upscaling technology has seen major improvements over the past few years, especially in the area of Artificial Intelligence (AI). We’ll dive into AI and I’ll also discuss upscaling video in Adobe products, Resolve, with AI, and using a few plug-ins with upscaling technology.

Please note: This article is not a review of products, but more of a guide to the upscaling options available.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Upscaling

Every single day I’m reading about breakthroughs in AI technology, and it’s pretty exciting, if not a bit scary. Some of the players are:

• Gigapixel AI from Topaz Labs is probably the most well-known.
• Kino – video upscaling technology using machine learning
• DeepAI Super Resolution for images.
• PIXOP Super Resolution, an online uprez technology using Machine Learning and Amazon Web Services.
• iSize – Check out their website for some interesting technical diagrams.
• The NVIDIA SHIELD TV, which brings real-time AI upscaling right to the television

There are several others, as well. This will be an area that will explode over the next few years, like NVIDIA OptiX technology which is used for AI-enhanced noise reduction in Arnold Render GPU, cebas finalRender, e-on Software, Redshift, Corona Renderer, and more. You’ll certainly see AI-enhanced upscaling in the apps you currently use over the next year or two.

The videos below are from 1911 and 1896. To point out, they scaled the footage to 4K, 60fps. To explain, the enlargement was done with Gigapixel AI. The algorithm for adding frames is called Depth-Aware Video Frame Interpolation (DAIN), powered by neural networks.

A Trip Through New York City in 1911

“Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat” (The Lumiere Brothers, 1896)

Deep Space 9 Upscale Project

There’s a project out there called Deep Space Nine Upscale Project (DS9UP) to upscale Star Trek: Deep Space 9 from the DVD source to 4K. Joel Hruska writes about his experiences using Topaz Video Enhance AI, DaVinci Resolve, and AviSynth to uprez the show. Truly, the project is pretty interesting. He talks about his challenges and what he’s learned during the project. Take a look at the comparisons below.

Upscaling in your NLE or Host Application

Most host applications and NLEs now have built-in tools to make upscaled footage look better. We’ll cover a few of the more popular tools below, including Adobe, DaVinci Resolve, and Vegas.

Upscaling with Adobe Tools

Adobe has a feature called Detail-preserving upscale. Below, check out tutorials for After Effects, Premiere Pro, and Photoshop.

How to Upscale Video (with the best results) in After Effects

In this livestream from Adobe, Jason Levine shows the preferred method for upscaling video content in After Effects. To elaborate, he uses an effect called Detail Preserving Upscale. It’s similar to ‘preserve details’ in Photoshop. In fact, using this process instead of simply scaling the layer in a comp, gives better-looking results. In addition, there’s more control over detail and noise.

Upscaling in Premiere Pro

How to Upscale Video to 4K or Downscale to 1080P Easily. This tutorial by Farrah Penn certainly explains it pretty clearly.

Tutorials for Upscaling in DaVinci Resolve

Upscale 1080p Footage to 4k with Davinci Resolve Superscale!!

Jay Lippman has become my go-to guy for Resolve tutorials. In this video, he uses DaVinci Resolve’s Superscale.

SUPER SCALE in DaVinci Resolve | Upscale 1080p to 4K | EASY Tutorial

Eric at Travel9to5 gives this quick tutorial on Superscale. He explains, “The superscale function in Davinci Resolve upscales 1080p footage to 4k super easy and allows you to convert 1080p to 4k. This is a quick hack to upscale your old clips and videos and make them 4k resolution. If you have 4k footage you can even upscale 4k to 8k video!”

Upscaling in Magix Vegas

Naiwik Tech explains how to use Smart Upscale in Vegas to upscale 1080p to 4K.

And, of course, Upscaling with Plug-ins

The major benefit of upscaling with plug-ins is the ease of use. There are several plugins out there that can upscale your footage.

Boris FX Continuum UpRez

Uprez Overview

Boris FX Continuum UpRez

Boris FX Continuum Uprez uses advanced techniques to maintain and fine-tune image details, generating much higher-quality final images than can be obtained with standard host upscaling.

Supported hosts:

• Adobe After Effects and Premiere Pro
• Avid Media Composer
• OFX:
  • Blackmagic Design Davinci Resolve
  • Vegas Pro
  • Foundry Nuke

Uprez is included in both the Boris Continuum Unit: Image Restoration and Boris FX Continuum Perpetual and Boris FX Continuum Subscription.

RE:Vision Effects REZup

REZup Overview

Uprez Overview

RE:Vision Effects REZup

A new one to the market, REZup comes from RE:Vision Effects, makers of Twixtor and ReelSmart Motion Blur.

With REZup, enhance the quality (“IQ”) of your content, and increase the resolution of your video without loss of detail or introducing artifacts. REZup contains two plug-ins: REZup Enhance and REZup Resize. These plugins provide a unique mix of state-of-the-art video image processing augmented with machine-learning techniques.

Supported Hosts

• After Effects CS6 (and up)
• Premiere Pro CS6 (and up)
• Final Cut Pro 10.1.4 (and up)
• Motion 5 (and up).
• OFX Hosts
  • Autograph (All versions)
  • Baselight 5.2.11675 (and up)
  • Catalyst Edit 2017.2 (and up)
  • DaVinci Resolve 15.0 (and up)
  • Diamant and Dustbuster+ 13.0 (and up)
  • Flame 2019.2 (and up)
  • Fusion Studio 5.2 (and up)
  • Grass Valley Rio 4.5.9 (and up)
  • HitFilm 10.0 (and up)
  • Natron 1 (and up)
  • Nuke 5.1 (and up)
  • Scratch 8.6.944 (and up)
  • Silhouette 6.1.3 (and up)
  • Vegas Pro 10.0e (and up)

REZup is available on its own, or as part of the RE:Vision Effects Effections Bundle and the RE:Vision Effects Effections Plus Bundle

GPUResize

GPUReSize

GPUResize is a GPU-accelerated plugin for Adobe After Effects and Adobe Premiere with real-time performance and advanced image interpolation abilities that are missing natively.

We believe that there’s no such thing as one and only perfect image scaling algorithm – instead, we are introducing several different ones, that allow you to make the best choice for your footage.

Use cases of GPUResize aren’t only limited to simple SD to HD video upscaling, but instead could vary from pixel-sharp upscaling of animated pixel art to downscaling your 4k and 8k camera footage while keeping the most detail possible.

The Pixel Farm PFClean

PFClean Overview

The Pixel Farm PFClean

PFClean is the most widely adopted software solution for film and video restoration, from film transfer to remastering blockbuster movies, serving a broad client base from audiovisual archives to broadcasters and film studios.

In fact, PF Clean 2018 introduced a new GPU-accelerated edge-preserving upscale algorithm (18fps for SD to HD, 8fps for HD to UHD conversion on a single GPU).

Conclusion: The Future of Upscaling

The future looks extremely bright when it comes to upscaling. New AI technologies are allowing low-resolution images and video to be blown up to 4K and 8K without the blur and artifacting that have always been an issue. Even in the past few months, emerging technologies are exponentially better than the tools of just a year ago. This is an area that is going to be interesting to watch!